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Surface pollen investigation in the warm-temperate to subtropical regions of Japan : an attempt for quantitative palaeoclimate reconstruction on Quaternary interglacials

日本暖温带至亚热带地区的地表花粉调查：第四纪间冰期定量古气候重建的尝试

基本信息

批准号：
19684018
负责人：
OKUDA Masaaki
金额：
$ 7.32万
依托单位：
Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A)
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2007 至 2010
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The pollen-based modern analogue technique (MAT) can provide constraints for climate projections for the next decades (IPCC, etc) by reconstructing quantitative palaeotemperature of human habitation areas during the late Quaternary. However, a so-called fade-out problem of reconstructed temperature in >16℃ regime has prevented the MAT from providing analogues for the >2℃ warmer world than present. To reduce this problem, we perform surface pollen investigation for warm-temperate to subtropical regions of Japan, of which annual mean temperature exceeds 16℃.In geographical context, southern Kii peninsula, SW Shikoku, Kyusyu and islands of Tanega-shima, Amami-Oshima, Okinawa, Hachijo-jima, etc are selected for hot region up to 23℃. The collected samples (surface pollen materials composed of living moss polster) are analyzed in the standard palynological procedure to fill the gaps in the >16℃ regime of Japan. Results provide a complete temperature curve without lack in extreme temperature … More zones (5-7℃ warmer than the present in the Kinki-Kanto districts).In palynological context, almost all the lower warm-temperate to subtropical zones, located to the south of Shikoku, are dominated by abundant Castanopsis pollen. High values of evergreen oak (Cyclobalanopsis) are restricted in the upper warm-temperate zone (<16℃ in annual mean temperature). In addition, an attempt of palaeoclimate reconstruction using previous surface pollen is also performed on the fossil pollen record from Lake Biwa. These results have been summarized into two English manuscripts for international journals (Okuda et al., Tarasov et al.).We note that this project also deal with the surface pollen investigation for ocean floors around the Japanese archipelago. The NW Pacific has had a lot of ocean coring points. Since the cored materials from the marine realm are preserved in JAMSTEC, San-So-Ken, etc, sabsampling and analyzing muddy sediments from the core tops can provide surface pollen dataset beneath the ocean, which is in the same manner as those in terrestrial regions.Unfortunately, surface pollen samples themselves cannot be collected in current urban areas around e.g. the Tokyo Bay. To reduce this problem, we performed a borehole core project in central Chiba city. Results show that fossil pollen of 1500-2500 yr BP age, with little vegetation disturbance by early humans, can serve as a substitute for modern surface pollen. Less

基于花粉的现代模拟技术（MAT）可以通过定量重建晚第四纪人类居住区的古温度，为未来几十年的气候预测（IPCC等）提供约束。然而，在>16℃区域重建温度的所谓淡出问题阻止了MAT提供比现在更温暖的>2℃世界的模拟。为了减少这一问题，我们在日本的暖温带至亚热带地区进行了表面花粉调查，其中年平均温度超过16℃。在地理背景下，纪伊半岛南部，四国西南部，九州和种子岛，奄美大岛，冲绳，八丈岛等岛屿被选为23℃以上的热区。收集的样本（由活苔藓polster组成的表面花粉材料）按照标准花粉学程序进行分析，以填补日本>16℃制度的空白。结果提供了一个完整的温度曲线，而不缺乏极端温度 ...更多信息在孢粉学上，四国岛以南的暖温带至亚热带地区几乎都以大量的锥属植物花粉为主。万年青栎（青冈属）的高值仅限于暖温带上部（年平均气温<16℃）。此外，本文还尝试了利用以往的表层花粉对琵琶湖的古气候进行重建。这些结果已被总结成两个英文手稿的国际期刊（Okuda等人，Tarasov等人）。我们注意到，该项目还涉及日本群岛周围洋底的表面花粉调查。西北太平洋有很多海洋取芯点。由于JAMSTEC、San-So-Ken等地保存了海洋领域的岩心材料，因此从岩心顶部的泥质沉积物中取样并分析可以提供海洋之下的表层花粉数据集，这与陆地地区的方式相同。遗憾的是，在东京湾周围的现有城市地区无法收集表层花粉样本本身。为了减少这个问题，我们在千叶市中心进行了钻孔岩心项目。结果表明，1500-2500年BP年龄的化石花粉，早期人类的植被干扰很小，可以作为现代地表花粉的替代品。少