Biodiversity and speciation in telmatherinid fishes of the Malili-Lake-System (Indonesia)

印度尼西亚苏拉威西的马里湖系统特有的鱼生动物群由大约30个物种组成。35种，分属于4科(端头鱼科、戈壁鱼科、长尾鱼科和半鳍鱼科)。其中最特殊的一科--帆鳍科(Telmatherinidae)，以一组密切相关的物种为特征，这些物种根据性和自然选择的特征，如求偶颜色、营养形态和成体大小，在种间和种内进行区分。这些特点的结合使得马里湖系统成为同时分析自然界异地和共域物种形成过程的一个极其有用但尚未开发的模型系统。因此，拟议的这项研究旨在(1)提供关于所有特有物种的形态和生态分化、系统发育关系和相对年龄的基线数据，以建立该系统作为研究鱼类种群进化的特定慈鱼辐射的替代方法；(2)测试关于端毛虫分支内部和之间的系统地理模式、遗传、形态和生态分化的速率和程度的替代假设，并与其他研究人员合作--与地方性软体动物和甲壳类动物的系统地理模式、遗传、形态和生态分化的速率和程度；(3)检验最近关于自然选择、性别选择和空间异质性对端毛虫种群物种形成过程的贡献的假说。

The endemic ichthyofauna of the Malili-Lake-System (Sulawesi, Indonesia) is comprised of approx. 35 species, which belong to 4 families (Telmatherinidae, Gobiidae, Adrianichthyidae and Hemirhamphidae). The most speciose family, the sailfin-silversides (Telmatherinidae), is characterised by a set of closely related species, which are differentiated inter- and intraspecifically according to sexually and naturally selected characters, e.g. courtship coloration, trophic morphology and adult body size. The combination of these characteristics renders the Malili-Lake-System an extremely uselful but yet untapped model-system for the simultaneous analysis of allopatric and sympatric speciation processes in nature. Therefore, the proposed study is designed (1) to provide baseline-data on morphological and ecological differentiation, phylogenetic relationships and relative age of all endemic species in order to establish the system as an alternative to speciose cichlid radiations for the study of evolution of fish species flocks; (2) to test alternative hypotheses about phylogeographic patterns, rates and degree of genetic, morphological and ecological differentiation within and among the telmatherinid clades and - in an cooperative approach with other researchers - with those from endemic molluscs and crustaceans; (3) to test recent hypotheses about the contribution of natural selection, sexual selection and spatial heterogeneity to speciation processes in telmatherinid flocks.