Biomechanical analysis of cross-country skiing.

本研究旨在探讨越野滑雪中超级滑技术的生物力学特性。实验在跑步机上进行，规定坡度的程度，每2%的坡度从3%到11%改变一个程度（5种情况）。受试者以5.5 km/h的速度滑旱冰进行SS技术。从生物力学角度分析了滑轮滑过程中推杆和踢橇动作。通过三维运动捕捉测量撬杆角度和撬板打开角度，通过应变片和足部传感器分别获得撬杆力和撬板踢脚力。结果表明，坡度为11%时的开坡角和极推力比坡度为3%和5%时显著（P<0.05）增加。在任何情况下，撑篙角度和蹬雪力都没有变化。综上所述，这些数据表明滑倒运动中的动态响应与滑雪运动中的动态响应是不同的。对于坡度增加一个度，滑雪者在旋转运动中增加了自身的旋转力，并改变了滑雪中踢雪力的方向。

This study was aimed at elucidating the biomechanics of the Super-Skating (SS) technique in a cross-country skiing. The experiments were carried out on a treadmill to prescribe a degree of the slope, which was changed a degree from 3% to 11% for every 2% (5 conditions). The subject performed SS technique with roller skis at the speed of 5.5 km/h. The pole-pushing and ski-kicking movements during roller-skiing ware analyzed biomechanically. The poling angle and ski-opening angles were measured by three-dimensional motion capture, and the pole-pushing force and ski-kicking force were acquired from strain gauges and foot sensors, respectively. As a result, the ski-opening angle and the pole-pushing force were significantly (P<0.05) increased at the slope condition of 11% compared with those of 3% and 5%. Neither the poling angle nor ski-kicking force changed on any condition. Collectively these data indicate that dynamic corresponding in the poling was different from that in the skiing. For the increase of a degree of the slope, the skier increases the polling force itself in the polling movement and changes the direction of the ski-kicking force in the skiing.