Biomechanical analysis of cross-country skiing.

本研究旨在阐明越野滑雪超级滑冰(SS)技术的生物力学特性。实验是在跑步机上进行的，以确定坡度，每2%(5个条件)就有一个从3%到11%的坡度。采用轮滑技术，以5.5 km/h的速度滑行轮滑，对轮滑过程中的推杆和踢杆动作进行了生物力学分析。通过三维运动捕捉测量极化角和滑雪板张开角，通过应变片和脚部传感器分别获得滑雪板的推杆力和踢滑雪力。结果表明，在11%的坡度条件下，滑雪板的张开角和推杆力较3%和5%的坡度条件下显著增加(P&lt；0.05)。在任何情况下，撑杆角和踢雪力都没有变化。总体而言，这些数据表明撑杆式和滑雪式的动态对应是不同的。对于坡度的增加，滑雪者在轮滑动作中增加轮询力本身，并改变滑雪踢雪力的方向。

This study was aimed at elucidating the biomechanics of the Super-Skating (SS) technique in a cross-country skiing. The experiments were carried out on a treadmill to prescribe a degree of the slope, which was changed a degree from 3% to 11% for every 2% (5 conditions). The subject performed SS technique with roller skis at the speed of 5.5 km/h. The pole-pushing and ski-kicking movements during roller-skiing ware analyzed biomechanically. The poling angle and ski-opening angles were measured by three-dimensional motion capture, and the pole-pushing force and ski-kicking force were acquired from strain gauges and foot sensors, respectively. As a result, the ski-opening angle and the pole-pushing force were significantly (P<0.05) increased at the slope condition of 11% compared with those of 3% and 5%. Neither the poling angle nor ski-kicking force changed on any condition. Collectively these data indicate that dynamic corresponding in the poling was different from that in the skiing. For the increase of a degree of the slope, the skier increases the polling force itself in the polling movement and changes the direction of the ski-kicking force in the skiing.