Identities of Immigrants and the Host Society, and its Attitudes towards them in Early Modern England

这项研究提出了三项发现。首先，陌生人教会的贫困救济支持了近代早期伦敦贫困的新教难民。此外，它作为控制新教难民的手段也发挥了有用的作用。因此，贫困的救济维持了宗教难民之间的联系，并鼓励了他们的身份发展。其次，十八世纪初德国移民大规模涌入伦敦，导致英国民众对“他者”的态度发生了从有利到消极甚至更为谨慎的重大转变。与此同时，来自德国的移民可能会打造自己的新身份“可怜的帕拉丁”，以引起伦敦当地人对自己的同情。最后，在近代早期，“他者”的引出引发了关于英国人如何接受外国人并给予他们援助和法律地位的讨论。此外，它还有助于培养东道国社会日益增长的民族意识。这些结果将有助于加深我们对移民社区以及东道国社会身份本质的理解。

This research presents three findings. Firstly, poor relief by the Stranger Churches supported the needy protestant refugees in early modern London. Additionally, it would have served a useful function as a means of control over the Protestant refugees. Consequently, the poor relief led to the maintenance of the bond among the religious refugees and encouraged the development of their identities. Secondly, the large scale influx of German immigrants into London at the beginning of the eighteenth century caused a major shift in the attitudes of British people towards "the others" from favourable to negative or more prudent ones. Meanwhile, the immigrants from Germany might have forged their own new identity as the ‘Poor Palatines' to arouse the natives' sympathy for themselves in London. Finally, through the early modern period, the elicitation of "the others"stimulated discussions of how English/British people accepted aliens and granted them the aid and legal status. Furthermore, it helped to foster the growing national consciousness within the host society. These results will contribute to deepen our understanding of the nature of identities of the immigrant communities as well as the host society.