Effects of changes in spatial movement of pollinators on pollen dispersal among plants.

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In a series of indoor experiments with electric artificial flowers, I found that bees establish traplines based on spatial memory, and that traplining allows bees to compete more effectively. I also demonstrated with theoretical models that traplining increases mating distance and mate diversity, and decreases a novel type of self-pollination, coined "iterogamy." Finally, I developed the microsatellite DNA markers in Salvia nipponica.