Characteristics and new bone formation of coral as an ideal sacaffold

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Mechanical strength of coral was 12.4 Mpa. Inside the coral were innumerable tubular structures 100-300 μm in diameter that communicated with the outside, connected to neighboring ducts through pores. The surface of the skeleton was covered with innumerable rounded projections of 60-200 nm were observed. In vitro, formation of capillaries was seen around coral particles. In vivo, a block of coral was implanted into an experimental defect in a canine femur. After 8 weeks, multinucleated giant cells were observed in contact with the coral, and bone augmentation was seen together with new bone formation bordered by osteoblasts in the inner cavities of the coral block.