Theoretical Positive Analysis on Cost and Benefit of Compact City Formation Caused by Road Congestion Pricing

本研究通过估算由土地形态、用途、建筑面积、周边建筑设计、空气污染等因素预测土地价值的多元回归方程，解决了交通拥堵对周边土地资产价值的影响。在此基础上，通过对《建筑标准法》群体规制中建筑物所带来的正外部性和负外部性的收益和成本进行量化，证明了由替代指标控制的“规格规制”向影响量控制的“绩效规制”转变是可能的，并且是有效的。通过建立东京都市圈（1个首都和3个县）的土地利用预测模型，研究了通过提高市中心的居住和商业建筑选址，引入对流入中心城市的车辆收费的道路收费，对环境改善效果和紧凑型城市形成效应的影响。如果引入将八环内段划分为20个左右区域的道路收费，对沿中心方向或环形方向通过区域边界的车辆统一征收200日元的费用，二氧化碳排放量将减少0。45%，氮氧化物排放量减少0。38%， SPM排放量减少0。45%。环境整治整体推进。在23个区，工作人口增加了12人。0%夜间种群增加12%0%。在周边地区，工作人口减少了约7%至9%，夜间人口减少了4%至5%。它导致了紧凑的城市形成。

This study has solved how the traffic congestion makes influence on surrounding land asset value by estimating the multiple regression equation which predicts a land value by the form, the use, the floor area, the design of circumference buildings, and air pollution.Furthermore, measuring the benefit and the cost of positive and negative externality which buildings brings by money term, about the group regulation by the Building Standard Law, we have shown that it is possible to change from "specifications regulation" controlled by a substitute index, and to "performance regulation" controlled by the volume of influence, and that it is efficient.This study also examined the environmental improvement effect and the compact city formation effect through the promotion of residence and business building location in the city center introducing the road pricing which charges inflow vehicles to the central city by developing a land use forecasting model for Tokyo Metropolitan Area(1 capital and 3 prefectures).If the road pricing is introduced, which divides inner aria of the 8th Ring Road into about 20 zones, and which imposes 200 yen uniformly to the car passing through a zone boundary in the direction of the center or the annular direction, the CO2 emission reduces 0. 45%, the NOX emission reduces 0. 38% and SPM emission reduces 0. 45%. The environmental improvement progresses as a whole.In 23 wards, the working population increases 12. 0% and the nighttime population increases 12. 0%. In circumference 4 prefectures, the working population decreases about 7 to 9% and the nighttime population decreases 4 to 5%. It leads to compact city formation.