Theoretical Positive Analysis on Cost and Benefit of Compact City Formation Caused by Road Congestion Pricing

本研究通过估算建筑物形态、用途、建筑面积、周边建筑物设计、空气污染等因素预测地价的多元回归方程，解决交通拥挤对周边土地资产价值的影响，进而通过货币条款测算建筑物带来的正、负外部性的收益和成本，我们已经表明，可以从由替代指数控制的"规格调节"转变为由影响量控制的"性能调节"，本研究还考察了通过促进居住和商业建筑在市中心的位置，引入对流入车辆收费的道路收费，通过开发东京都区（1个首都圈和3个都道府县）的土地利用预测模型，对东京都内的中心城市的土地利用进行了预测。45%，NOX排放降低0。38%，SPM排放降低0。百分之四十五环境改善总体上取得进展，在23个区中，工作人口增加了12个。0%，夜间人口增加12。百分之零。在周边4个都道府县，劳动人口减少约7 - 9%，夜间人口减少4 - 5%。它导致紧凑的城市形成。

This study has solved how the traffic congestion makes influence on surrounding land asset value by estimating the multiple regression equation which predicts a land value by the form, the use, the floor area, the design of circumference buildings, and air pollution.Furthermore, measuring the benefit and the cost of positive and negative externality which buildings brings by money term, about the group regulation by the Building Standard Law, we have shown that it is possible to change from "specifications regulation" controlled by a substitute index, and to "performance regulation" controlled by the volume of influence, and that it is efficient.This study also examined the environmental improvement effect and the compact city formation effect through the promotion of residence and business building location in the city center introducing the road pricing which charges inflow vehicles to the central city by developing a land use forecasting model for Tokyo Metropolitan Area(1 capital and 3 prefectures).If the road pricing is introduced, which divides inner aria of the 8th Ring Road into about 20 zones, and which imposes 200 yen uniformly to the car passing through a zone boundary in the direction of the center or the annular direction, the CO2 emission reduces 0. 45%, the NOX emission reduces 0. 38% and SPM emission reduces 0. 45%. The environmental improvement progresses as a whole.In 23 wards, the working population increases 12. 0% and the nighttime population increases 12. 0%. In circumference 4 prefectures, the working population decreases about 7 to 9% and the nighttime population decreases 4 to 5%. It leads to compact city formation.