Long-term modulations of tropical climate modes and ocean warming

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Using observational data, model outputs and proxy data, we have shown that the dominant period of the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) became shorter from 10 years to 2 years. As a result, the IOD has stronger control over the Indian Ocean compared with El Nino/Southern Oscillation in the recent decades. Also, we have proposed new mechanisms for the Atlantic meridional mode and subtropical dipole modes, and clarified the mechanism of variations in the Seychelles Dome in the tropical Indian Ocean and its influence on the overlying sea surface temperature.