Development of reaction-selective separation systems with superheated water and analysis of chemical reactions in aqueous solutions at elevated temperature

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Ion-exchange chromatography with superheated water, i.e., liquid water under pressure at temperatures above 100 °C (SW-IEC) was developed and the mechanism of ion-exchange separation processes was investigated using SW-IEC. Based on the results obtained, it was demonstrated that SW-IEC is a powerful tool for changing separation selectivity for ionic solutes drastically by controlling temperature. The states and separation function of the interfacial water on hydrophobic surfaces were clarified and an HPLC method was presented for determination of equilibrium constants and kinetic constants of chemical reactions proceeding on the hydrophobic surfaces as well as in the bulk solution phases. Furthermore redox derivatization two-dimensional HPLC system was developed using catalytic redox activity of porous graphitic carbon and it was shown that this separation technique is very useful for selective separation and determination of trace amounts of reducible and oxidizable compounds.