Development of a single molecular switch by controlling phase and amplitude of optical electric fields in extremely short time region

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Azobenzene single molecules before and after photo-isomerization were observed by a scanning tunneling microscopy. On the metal substrate with strong adsorption interaction, in-plane trans-azobenzene molecules were found, implying the inversion mechanism is dominant. Furthermore, for controlling photo-isomerization or molecular conformation change, optical pulses with spatially-dependent phase and polarization were generated with high efficiency. In addition, using the pulses, nonlinear spectroscopy along a ring shape was established. Metal surface ablation experiments were performed, demonstrating total angular momentum effects.