Evolutional and functional studies on diversification of virulence genes of plant bacteria with establishment of host species

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Pseudomonas cichorii induces bacterial rot and necrotic spot in lettuce and eggplant. P. cichorii required the hrp genes (hrp) for its full virulence on eggplant. An aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (aldH) and a phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase gene (pat) are located in the flanking region of hrp and were involved in the bacterial virulence on eggplant, independently of hrp. The phylogenetic analysis showed that P. cichorii strains acquires hrp and pat through horizontal transfer from a common ancestor with the S-PAI of P. viridiflava and implicate hrp and pat with aldH in its virulence. Inoculation into Asteraceae species showed that involvement of hrp, aldH and pat in P. cichorii virulence had no relationship with the phylogeny of the Asteraceae species. Therefore, P. cichorii might implicate not only hrp but also aldH and pat in its virulence on respective plant species.