Quantitative study on HIV-1 in oral fluids of infected individuals

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We developed a new original method for measuring the amount of HIV-1 RNA and DNA that was based on Poisson distribution analysis of nested PCR results. Using this method, we evaluated the viral load in saliva and compared it to viral load in serum, degree of oral inflammation and velocity of salivary flow. As a result, the viral load of HIV-1 RNA and DNA in saliva relates to that in serum, and it is suggested that the virus is supplied from a salivary glands.Furthermore, we also developed a new analysis method to measure the integrity of the nucleic acid of the virus in saliva. This method is able to clarify the HIV infectivity in saliva, scientifically. The virus in saliva was lower integrity in comparison with that in serum.These results indicate a foundation for elucidating the mechanism of HIV secretion to the oral cavity and the infectiveness of HIV in saliva as a transmission medium.