Evaluation of the effect of rotavirus vaccine on severe diarrhea and circulating rotavirus strains in Nepal

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Virtually all children in the world are infected with rotavirus by the age of 5 years, but the outcome of infection differs considerably between developed and developing countries. Nepal is one of such countries where the burden of rotavirus disease is very high. In 2009, the World Health Organization issued a universal immunization of children with rotavirus vaccine, and Nepal is expected to introduce rotavirus vaccine sooner or later. This study revealed a substantial burden of rotavirus and norovirus diarrhea in Nepal, and described the molecular epidemiologic features of these gastroenteritis viruses on which the impact of rotavirus vaccine would be measured. This study also clarified how globally unusual G12P[ 6] rotavirus strains, yet very common in Nepal, evolved over time.