Skeletal muscle specific calpain p94 mediated signal transduction system

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p94 is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle and is a member of calpains that are Ca^<2+>-requiring intracellular cysteine proteases. In this study, we revealed that loss of p94 proease activity impaired adaptation to physical stress, accompanied by deficiency in exercise-dependent up-regulation of muscle ankyrin-repeat protein-2 and heat-shock proteins. Furthermore, p94 changes its localization in myocytes depending on sarcomere conditions to mediate signal transduction in response to external stress, and its protease activity maintains myocyte homeostasis, disruption of which leads to muscular dystrophy.