Development of treatment for motor coordination deficits in children. Quantitative estimation of clinical physiology and magnetic resonance imaging-

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In order to elucidate the pathophysiology of clumsiness in children we developed instruments to quantitatively analyze grip precision. Test apparatus equipped with strain gauges measured grip forces and vertical lifting forces generated by the fingertips. Eight children with a developmental coordination disorder participated in the lifting task. Disturbances in basic coordination of forces were observed, characterized by larger variations between subsequent lifts in individual children, grip force increasing stepwise with multiple force rate peaks, and higher force levels. A new objective upper extremity function battery of tests was developed that included a pegboard. A patent was acquired as "systems, method, and program for assessment of hand and finger motor skills", with reference values for healthy subjects ranging in age from three years to the elderly being reported. Detailed analysis of the operation time for each peg movement indicated that the enforcement time was influenced by hand function itself in children, whereas it was affected by visual perception function in the elderly.