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The Research on Photovoltaic Electricity Policies for Household Sector, its Environmental Effects and Economic Effects

户用光伏发电政策及其环境效应和经济效应研究

基本信息

批准号：
20510043
负责人：
TAKEHAMA Asami
金额：
$ 1.66万
依托单位：
Ritsumeikan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2008 至 2010
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

(1) The research examines the feed-in tariff scheme (hereinafter, it is written as FIT scheme) for photovoltaic electricity (hereinafter, it is written as PV electricity) in Germany. a) The German FIT scheme provides very high tariffs which enable the annual income from PV electricity sales to be around 10% in the average PV system price. The German FIT scheme has a 6 times greater effect in increasing PV installation than Japan's government subsidy scheme. b) The cost of FIT remuneration per kWh is a very small percentage of the electricity price for households. c) The Germany's privilege scheme increased the EEG surcharge for non-privileged electricity consumers to 0.17 cents per kWh in 2009. In many cases, the privileged electricity-intensive businesses are manufacturers in the fields of steel, metal, chemical and small-scale businesses.(2) The research analyzes the costs and benefits of feed-in tariff schemes with 20 years remuneration for residential PV electricity in Japan. This research proposes a scenario in which 18.5 GW in cumulative capacity of residential PV is installed by 2020. The experiences from the German FIT scheme show that PV tariffs must be sufficiently high to enable PV power producers to have an annual profitability around 10 %. When the price of crude oil continues to increase at 3%/year from the level of $80/barrel, around 30 to 40 % of the FIT cost for remuneration could be paid off through the reduced expense for oil imports. The privilege of FIT surcharge for electricity-intensive businesses must be given to a business which purchases a large amount of electricity from the grid.

(1)本研究考察了德国的光伏发电上网电价方案(以下简称为FIT方案)。A)德国的FIT计划提供非常高的电价，使光伏发电的年销售收入约占光伏系统平均价格的10%。德国的FIT计划在增加光伏装机量方面的效果是日本政府补贴计划的6倍。B)每度电的薪酬成本只占家庭电价的一个很小的百分比。C)德国的特权计划在2009年将非特权电力用户的脑电附加费提高到每千瓦时0.17美分。在许多情况下，享有特权的电力密集型企业是钢铁、金属、化工和小型企业领域的制造商。(2)研究分析了日本居民光伏发电20年报酬上网电价计划的成本和收益。这项研究提出了到2020年住宅光伏累计装机容量为18.5GW的情景。德国FIT计划的经验表明，光伏电价必须足够高，才能使光伏发电企业的年利润率达到10%左右。当原油价格从每桶80美元的水平继续以每年3%的速度上涨时，大约30%至40%的适当薪酬成本可以通过减少石油进口费用来偿还。对于从电网购买大量电力的企业，必须给予电力密集型企业适当附加费的特权。