The Research on Photovoltaic Electricity Policies for Household Sector, its Environmental Effects and Economic Effects

点击翻译按钮获取中文摘要

(1) The research examines the feed-in tariff scheme (hereinafter, it is written as FIT scheme) for photovoltaic electricity (hereinafter, it is written as PV electricity) in Germany. a) The German FIT scheme provides very high tariffs which enable the annual income from PV electricity sales to be around 10% in the average PV system price. The German FIT scheme has a 6 times greater effect in increasing PV installation than Japan's government subsidy scheme. b) The cost of FIT remuneration per kWh is a very small percentage of the electricity price for households. c) The Germany's privilege scheme increased the EEG surcharge for non-privileged electricity consumers to 0.17 cents per kWh in 2009. In many cases, the privileged electricity-intensive businesses are manufacturers in the fields of steel, metal, chemical and small-scale businesses.(2) The research analyzes the costs and benefits of feed-in tariff schemes with 20 years remuneration for residential PV electricity in Japan. This research proposes a scenario in which 18.5 GW in cumulative capacity of residential PV is installed by 2020. The experiences from the German FIT scheme show that PV tariffs must be sufficiently high to enable PV power producers to have an annual profitability around 10 %. When the price of crude oil continues to increase at 3%/year from the level of $80/barrel, around 30 to 40 % of the FIT cost for remuneration could be paid off through the reduced expense for oil imports. The privilege of FIT surcharge for electricity-intensive businesses must be given to a business which purchases a large amount of electricity from the grid.