The research on economic effects of feed-in tariffs and support schemes for photovoltaic grid integration

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This research examined the support schemes for feed-in tariffs and large-scale grid integration of wind and photovoltaic energy (PV) in Germany and Japan. 1) Under the German Renewable Energy Act, German grid operators are obliged to give a priority feed-in of renewable electricity, and are obliged to expand the grid in order to feed-in maximum amount of renewable electricity. 2) We examined a scenario for shifting 280TWh of electricity from nuclear power to renewable energy in the next fifteen years in Japan. The investments for renewable energy and the saving effects due to a decreased import of natural gas can make a balance in the 14th year. 3) The research examined feed-in data of wind and PV energy in 50Hertz zone in Germany. Around 90 % of wind power capacity and 99% of PV capacity is integrated into and fed into the distribution grid at 110kV level or the lower-voltage levels. 50Hertz transfers the maximum a mount of electricity to the TenneT zone through its tie-lines.