Relationship of butterfly diversity with human management in semi-natural grassland habitats: Search for the optimal management technique for conservation of rare species

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From the results of vegetation survey, it was found that, to maintain the number of herbaceous plant species that influenced the number of butterfly species in the habitat, mowing every year is the most effective, and the effect of the litter removal through mowing was thought as a cause of the mechanism. Moreover, it was found that the maintenance of the diversity of vegetation under saving cost condition can be achieved through the maintenance of short-grass type community. In addition, from the results of butterfly survey, it was found that butterfly diversity and the number of individuals of most threatened species were highest in manage-continued sites. Thus, it is concluded that artificial management (mowing) is essential for conservation of butterfly diversity and threatened species.