Research of the Methodenstreit of History in France in the early 20^<th> Century

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In the second half of the 19^<th> century, School of Positivist History, represented by Gabriel Monod and Ernest Lavisse, had established the scientific history and achieved the institutionalization of course of history in higher education in France. However, Positivist Historians met with two severe criticisms from Sociologist Francois Simiand and Philosopher Henri Berr in the turn of the century. Thus "Methodenstreit" began between sociologists and historians. By studying this "Methodenstreit" we would know the birth of School of Annales in the early 20^<th> entury.