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On Free-standing Companies as British Multinationals

论作为英国跨国公司的独立公司

基本信息

批准号：
20530294
负责人：
SARUWATARI Keiko
金额：
$ 1.91万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2008 至 2010
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20530294/
关键词：
フリースタンディング・カンパニーイギリス型国籍企業クラスターイギリス商社海外直接投資企業者活動系列企業ゴム栽培会社イギリス型多国籍企業系列企業間取引多国籍企業内部化理論商社ビジネス・グループネットワーク型組織貿易商社

项目摘要

Since M. Wilkins described the free-standing companies as an important type of pre-1914 British foreign direct investors or pre-1914 multinational enterprise, business historians have started to pay attention to this phenomenon. However, the concept of free-standing companies by M. Wilkins gave rise to much controversy for lack of enough evidence. I analyzed the rubber producing companies in British Malaya which was regarded as typical free-standing companies, and found the characteristics of free-standing companies and C-type clusters (see my article in 2007 for a C-type cluster)consisted of a British trading company and rubber producing companies. My analysis with historical evidence resulted in three articles in The Keizai Gaku (Tohoku University)in 2011. In these three articles, I (1)corrected the main characteristics of free-standing companies presented by M. Wilkins and elaborated the concept of free-standing companies,(2)proved that a C-type cluster could be formed only when any institution which would be a governing center had the ability to manage rubber producing companies besides the entrepreneurial ability to be a promoter,(3)found that the characteristics of financial resource transactions between a British trading company and rubber producing companies within a C-type cluster was very similar to the transactions within a keiretsu group.

自从M.威尔金斯将独立公司描述为1914年前英国外国直接投资者或跨国企业的一种重要类型，商业史学家们也开始关注这一现象。然而，M.威尔金斯因缺乏足够的证据而引起了很大的争议。本文以英属马来亚的橡胶生产企业为研究对象，分析了典型的独立型企业，发现独立型企业和由英国贸易企业和橡胶生产企业组成的C型集群（参见我2007年的文章）的特征。我对历史证据的分析导致了2011年在经济学（东北大学）上发表的三篇文章。在这三篇文章中，我（1）修正了M. Wilkins和阐述了独立公司的概念，（2）证明了C型集群只有在任何一个机构，这将是一个管理中心，有能力管理橡胶生产公司除了企业家的能力，是一个促进者，（3）发现英国贸易公司与中国橡胶生产公司之间的金融资源交易的特点，类型集群非常类似于经连会集团内的交易。