Intracellular positioning mechanism of chloroplasts mediated by plant villin

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Advantageous distribution pattern of photosynthesizing organelle chloroplasts is crucial to maintain optimal photosynthesis under different environmental conditions. Redistribution of chloroplasts induced by environmental fluctuations entails de-anchoring, relocation movement, and re-anchoring of chloroplasts. In this study, we revealed that de-anchoring of chloroplasts, the initial step of their redistribution, is brought about through reorganization of actin cytoskeleton under the control of calcium-calmodulin. We further raised a possibility that an actin-binding protein villin is involved in the mechanism.