Welfare assessment of suckling calves in transit

首先，我们收集了日本奶牛对长途公路运输的生理应激反应的数据。生理反应表明，长途运输过程中的应激对犊牛的肝功能有显著影响。其次，对欧洲地区关于哺乳犊牛的建议进行了适用性评估。结果表明，即使是在日本运输的哺乳牛犊，也不建议超过100公里的运输距离。

Firstly, we collected data on the physiological stress responses of suckling calves to long-haul road transportation in Japan. Physiological responses suggest that the stress during long-haul transportation causes significant effect on the liver function of calves. Secondly, we conducted applicability evaluation of recommendations of the European region for suckling calves. Results suggest that haul distances greater than 100km should not be recommended even for suckling calves transported in Japan.