Elucidation of pollination network property by using the invasion event of Bombus terrestris

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The exotic bumble bee (Bombus terrestris) and natives partition their habitat according to landscape factors. However, in open vegetation zone, displacement of the native bees by the invasive bees likely occurred. Such displacement as well as the parasites of Queen bumble bees (Sphaerularia bombi) alter the components of pollinator community, which in turn cause changes in visiting plant species and foraging behavior of individual pollinators. Thus, the invasive bee has the potential to alter overall interactions within plant-pollinator systems in open vegetation.