Structural Basis of tRNA modification at position 37

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The crystal structure of the TRM5・tRNA・AdoMet complex was determined. TRM5 is the enzyme that transfers a methyl moiety from a methyl-donor AdoMet to the N1 position of G37 in tRNA. TRM5 has two structural domains, D1 and D2-D3, to recognize a substrate tRNA. We clarified that D2-D3 transfers methyl moiety to G37, only when D1 recognizes the establishment of the L-shaped tRNA structure. Therefore, TRM5 may function as a checkpoint for the quality of the tRNA maturation.