The relationship between gastrointestinal hormones and nutrients in calves around the weaning stage.

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Our objectives were to determine the effects of feeding, circulating glucose and volatile fatty acids (VFA) on blood GLP-1 and ghrelin concentrations in calves around weaning stage. In experiment 1, weaning increased basal blood level of GLP-1, but basal level of ghrelin was decreased. And the changed in blood these hormones were related the blood glucose and VFA levels. In experiment 2, VFA injection induced a greater increase in blood GLP-1 and a greater decrease in blood ghrelin levels around weaning stage. However, glucose injection was not affected these hormones concentrations. In experiment 3, GLP-1 and ghrelin injection were strongly stimulated insulin and GH secretions after weaning compared with that before weaning.