Characterization of ribavirin uptake systems in hepatocytes and renal tubular cells

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The purpose of this study was to characterize the major ribavirin uptake transporter(s) in human hepatocytes or renal tubular cells. The results showed that equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) was exclusively involved in ribavirin uptake in human hepatocytes and that the levels of the uptake activity were different among hepatocytes. On the other hand, the results suggest that concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 (CNT3), which was abundantly expressed in human renal proximal tubular cells, would be responsible for renal re-absorption of ribavirin. Genetic or environmental factors that alter the levels of function or expression of ENT1 and CNT3 should be determined in future study.