Development of a smoking control intervention that considers the menstrual cycle, premenstrual and menstrual symptoms of female smokers of reproductive age.

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Female smokers of reproductive age are reported to be at risk for developing the deterioration into serious of premenstrual and menstrual symptoms that could further lead to menstrual cycle disorders.Our results suggest that in the case of women who are in their 20s, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is responsible for these serious menstrual symptoms. Furthermore, women who are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke from their husbands and mothers smoke are at increased risk for menstrual cycle disorders. We found that female smokers in 20s smoked more frequently during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. No significant differences were observed between the results for women who quitted smoking during the follicular phase and those who quitted smoking in the luteal phase. However, the women in the relapse group, i.e., those who started smoking again, had more severe premenstrual and menstrual symptoms than the women who did not start smoking again. The mental health level of the women who the relapse group tended to decrease in the luteal phase.