The observation of local structures of water-oil interfaces by fourth-order coherent Raman spectroscopy

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In this research, we have developped the fourth-order coherent Raman spectroscopy, and time-domain infrared-visible-visible sum-frequency generation for detection of molecular structures of interfaces such as water-oil interfaces. During the study, spectra of lattice vibrations, molecular vibrations of various buried interfaces, and intensity change of second-harmonic generation of liquid-liquid interfaces derived from the change of interfacial structures. These results are the milestones toward the observation of interfaces and intermediate structures during chemical reactions that have been difficult to detect.