The neural circuit of "male effect" pheromone signaling pathway in goat brain

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In goats, the pheromone produced by the male induces out of seasonal ovulation in anestrous females, the "male effect". This pheromonal information is transmitted to the hypothalamus via main and/or vomeronasal systems, although it remains unclear about this pathway. In this study, we used goats and we investigated about this pathway in the brain using morphological techniques. The medial amygdaloid nucleus (MeA) that is one of the major nuclei for transmission of pheromone signals, connect to kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). This result suggests that signal of "male effect" pheromone is transmitted to kisspeptin neurons in the ARC, then evokes GnRH release.