Study on the mechanism of the ability of interspecies transmission of avian influenza virus to humans

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We studied the distribution of sialic acid receptors of influenza virus in chicken and duck organs by means of lectin histochemistry. Human (Sia alpha2-6Gal) and avian virus receptors (Sia alpha2-3Gal) were identified with Sambucus Nigra (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) lectins respectively. By lectin histochemistry we found moderate to abundant expression of the human-like virus receptors in the organs as well as binding of the lectins that identify avian-like receptors. In human cells, alpha2-3 sialyltransferase (ST3) was expressed but not the avian virus receptor was existed. It is suggested that enzyme activity of ST3 was regulated in human respiratory epithelial cells.