Development of predictive marker for the progression of type 1 diabetes using a newly discovered autoantigen

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In the prospective study of GAD autoantibody-positive NIDDM, the high levels of GAD autoantibody, the GAD65 middle epitope recognition, and positivity of other anti-islet autoantibodies (insulin autoantibody, IA-2 autoantibody, and ZnT8 autoantibody) were identified as predictive markers for the progression of insulin deficiency. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis of the likelihood of requiring insulin showed that only the presence of multiple islet autoantibodies was a significant predictor. Moreover, the difference of humoral autoimmune reaction to ZnT8 was proven by age of diabetes onset by the ZnT8 autoantibody epitope analysis.