New understanding and therapeutics of hematopoietic diseases-from a viewpoint of regulatory mechanisms of replicative stress

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Fanconi anemia (FA) is genetically heterogeneous inherited bone marrow failure syndrome, characterized by cellular sensitivity to DNA crosslinkers and susceptibility to various types of malignant tumors including acute myeloid leukemia. Increasing evidence indicates that FA proteins protect against "replicative stress" induced by various genotoxic agents, cooperating with other machineries. Translesion DNA synthesis is one of such cellular protective mechanisms, using specialized DNA polymerases including Pol-eta and REV1.However, regulatory mechanism of these polymerases was largely unknown. We identified the molecular chaperone Hsp90 as an essential regulator of these polymerases. The present findings may lead to development of new therapy of hematopoietic diseases.