A program directed to increasing child-care happiness in mothers and redevelopment of an evaluation scale for the program.

本研究的目的是：(1)开发一种由Shimizu等人（2007）开发的多维CHS（托儿幸福量表）的简短形式，以及(2)检验其可靠性以提高一般适用性。有6岁以下婴儿的母亲被要求用5分制评估41个项目，这些项目涉及在照顾孩子过程中产生幸福感的各种情况。我们还使用主观幸福量表（SHS）和贝克抑郁量表（BDI）来衡量心理健康，以证实短格式CHS （SF-CHS）的有效性。有效回答者672人。对41个CHS项目进行因子分析，选出“SF-CHS”的16个项目，包括“照顾孩子的乐趣”、“与孩子的联系”和“丈夫的支持”3个因素。3个因子项的克拉纳赫α系数均较高（0.81~0.86），具有较强的一致性。SF-CHS与SHS呈显著正相关。与BDI呈显著负相关。随着母亲年龄的增加，“照顾孩子的乐趣”和“与孩子的联系”呈下降趋势。此外，最小孩子不满1岁的母亲的“丈夫支持”高于最小孩子4岁或以上的母亲，而只有一个孩子的母亲的“丈夫支持”最低。讨论了SF-CHS与原始CHS的区别、实用性以及未来需要解决的问题。我们的研究结果表明，SF-CHS与心理健康之间存在关联。SF-CHS的简洁性可以立即反馈给每个母亲她照顾孩子的幸福概况。在未来，SF-CHS有望成为母亲反思其育儿感受的有用资源。此外，我们还开发并评估了一个为期三个月的六个阶段的项目，每个阶段持续两个小时，目的是为了提高抚养孩子的幸福感。我们进行了两次这个项目，每组有9到10名母亲。共有19位母亲参与了该计划（实验组）。我们评估了心理指标（即心理量表），如抚养孩子和自尊的压力和幸福感，以及生理指标（即自主神经活动，脑电波，唾液嗜铬蛋白），如放松和压力水平。这些指标分别在参加第一期项目前、参加最后一期项目后和参加最后一期项目后一个月进行评估。研究人员对16名没有参加该项目的母亲进行了类似的评估。提高养育子女的幸福感的节目内容包括：与他人谈论自己、反思对子女的感受、珍惜养育子女的快乐时刻、承认对方的辛苦、肯定自己并获得自信、制定人生计划、让他人倾听自己的问题等。此外，每次训练都包括腹部深呼吸和微笑伸展练习。观察到的心理和生理效果揭示了该方案的有效性。与第一期课程前相比，在最后一期课程后，实验组的自尊心理价值（Yamamoto et al., 1982）显著提高，而抚养孩子的压力水平显著降低。特别是，我们发现，由抚养孩子的焦虑引起的压力水平显著下降。从生理学上讲，在最后一节课程后，α -3脑电波明显高于第一节课程前，这表明参与者的放松能力有所提高。然而，在最后一次训练后一个月的α -3脑电波与第一次训练前和最后一次训练后的测量结果没有显著差异。参与的母亲们的自由描述显示了以下效果：“听到别人的经历很好”，“我意识到我不是唯一一个遇到困难的人”，“这开阔了我的视野”，“我能够反思我的生活”，“我能够客观地看待自己”，“我交到了朋友”，“我确信我对孩子的爱”。对照组无明显变化。少

The aims of this study were to (1) develop a short-form of the multidimensional CHS (Child-care Happiness Scale), which was developed by Shimizu et al. (2007), and (2) examine its reliability in order to increase general applicability. Mothers with infants younger than 6 years of age were asked to evaluate 41 items in the CHS that involved various situations which give rise to a feeling of happiness during child-care using a 5-point scale. We also used the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), which measure psychological health, in order to confirm the validity of the short-form CHS (SF-CHS).There were a total of 672 valid respondents. A factor analysis was performed on 41 items of the CHS, and then 16 items were selected for the SF-CHS, which consists of 3 factors : "joys of child-care," "connection with the child," and "husband's support." Items for the 3 factors had sufficiently high Cranach's α coefficients (0.81～0.86), which represent their intern … More al consistency. There was a significant positive correlation between the SF-CHS and SHS. In contrast, there was a significant negative correlation with BDI. There was a decreasing trend for "joys of child-care" and "connection with child" with increasing mother's age. Furthermore, "husband's support" was higher for mothers whose youngest child was less than 1 year old than for those whose youngest child was 4 years or older, and lowest for mothers with only one child. Differences between the SF-CHS and original CHS, their practicality, and future issues were discussed. Our findings suggest an association between SF-CHS and psychological health. The conciseness of the SF-CHS allows immediate feedback to each mother of her child-care happiness profile. In the future, SF-CHS can be expected to become a useful resource for mothers to reflect on their feelings on child-care.In addition,We developed and evaluated a six-session program over three months, each session lasting two hours, for mothers of infants in order to increase the level of happiness in raising their children. We conducted this program twice with nine to ten mothers per group. A total of 19 mothers participated in the program (experimental group). We evaluated psychological indicators (i.e., psychological scales) such as feelings of stress and happiness in raising children and self-esteem, as well as physiological indicators (i.e., autonomic nervous activity, brain waves, salivary chromogranin) such as levels of relaxation and stress. These indicators were assessed before participating in the first session of the program, after participating in the last session, and one month after participating in the last session.Similar evaluations were made on a control group of 16 mothers who did not participate in the program. Contents of the program for enhancing feelings of happiness in raising children consisted of developing relationships by talking with others about oneself, reflecting on one's feelings towards one's children, value happy moments in raising children, recognize each other's hard work, affirm oneself and gain self-confidence, make a life plan, and have others listen to one's issues. In addition, each session incorporated deep abdominal breathing and stretching exercises for smiling. The effectiveness of the program was revealed by the psychological and physiological effects observed. Compared to before the first session of the program, psychological value for self-esteem (Yamamoto et al., 1982) was significantly higher after the last session of the program, while levels of stress in raising children significantly decreased, in the experimental group. In particular, we identified a significant decrease in levels of stress caused by anxiety about raising children. Physiologically, alpha-3 brain waves were significantly higher after the last session of the program than before the first session, indicating an increase in relaxation capabilities of participants. However, alpha-3 brain waves at one month after the last session of the program did not differ significantly from those measured before the first session and after the last session. Free description by the participating mothers demonstrated the following effects: "it was good to hear others' experiences," "I realizedI'm not the only one having a hard time," "this broadened my views," "I was able to reflect on my life," "I was able to view myself objectively," "I made friends," and "I was reassured of my love for my child." In the control group, no significant changes were observed. Less