Bystander effect induced by Laser plasma x-ray beam and soft x-ray laser beam

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A dedicated radiation biology x-ray generation and exposure system has been developed. 8.0 keV and 90 eV in energy x-ray pulses generated with a short pulse laser were used to irradiate sample cells through a custom-made culture dish with a silicon nitride membrane. The x-ray irradiation resulted in DNA double-strand breaks in the nucleus of a culture cell that were similar to those obtained with a conventional x-ray source. To elucidate the bystander effects, we have observed the propagation of stress responses.