Lattice QCD simulation at the physical point and calculations of the proton decay matrix element

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This project aims to simulate 2+1 flavor lattice QCD on the physical point and to calculate observables at the physical point. The most popular strategy to obtain the result at the physical point is chiral extrapolation with the use of chiral perturbation theory as a guiding principle. This strategy, however, has large systematic errors from chiral extrapolation due to the nontrivial quark mass dependence. In this work, we have achieved the physical point simulation, which has been the long-standing problem in lattice QCD, to remove systematic errors from chiral extrapolation and to calculate observables more precisely.