Transnational Movement as an Alternative to the Nation-State System : A Study on the Macedonian Liberation Movements between the two World Wars

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After the First World War, the newly independent nation-states in the Balkans aimed at consolidating majoritarian ethnic rule through assimilation of minorities and the Macedonian region was divided among Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece. Between the two World Wars, however, one orientation for a distinct Macedonian consciousness came into existence as one part of the Macedonian liberation movements, wishing to combine the three parts into a single united and independent Macedonia. But the national consciousness did not yet include all Macedonians at that time. The purpose of this study is to survey the original documents and materials concerning the Macedonian liberation movements and to investigate how and why the "Macedonians" are recognized as a distinct nation, neither Bulgarian nor Serbian. This study also analyzes original documents concerning the Macedonian question in Yugoslav-Bulgarian international relations.