Diverse Consciousness on "Macedonia" and International Factors in the Forming Process of the "Nation"

本研究的目的是考察“马其顿”民族意识的形成过程。从三个方面来考察这一过程似乎是合理的：（1）个人身份，（2）巴尔干地区的“民族-国家”建设，（3）影响整个地区的国际关系。这个问题应该考虑与长期的历史研究，但在这里我限制的讨论期间，从第一次世界大战后立即到1924年，当一个领导人在马其顿内部革命组织（IMR 0），托多尔·亚历山德罗夫，被谋杀..获得了以下结果：1.正如美国总统伍德罗·威尔逊在他著名的十四点演讲中所说，“人民”有权行使自决权。根据威尔逊的“人民”概念，“人民”的身份界定了边界的划定。马其顿问题在巴黎和会的议程上并不重要 ...更多信息 威尔逊的原则并不起支配作用，尽管它们可能影响现在或未来。如果在和平条约中不插入特别条款，那么为马其顿人民所能做的事情就会受到严重的限制。在这种情况下，第一次世界大战后，马其顿运动内部的原则和活动出现了一些变化。作为马其顿运动的主要参与者之一，由托多尔·亚历山德罗夫领导的IMRO在保加利亚政治圈中扮演着幕后角色，特别是在1923年政变之后。然而，马其顿运动的另一派则赞成以联邦的方式解决马其顿问题，设想在巴尔干半岛的联邦内建立一个自治的马其顿（包括保加利亚、希腊和南斯拉夫的马其顿）。这一想法得到了希腊和塞尔维亚的斯拉夫马其顿人以及坚持与马其顿联邦主义者组织合作的成员的支持，其中巴尔干半岛的的共产主义者联盟具有相当的影响力。观察马其顿运动与共产国际之间的接触过程的一点是，上述两种未来马其顿的观点在1924年统一，并在1924年的“五月宣言”中达成了短暂的协议。通过对相关文献中“民族”一词的使用情况的研究，可以发现“民族”一词在相关文献中何时、如何被用做“人民”一词的问题。少

The purpose of this Research is to investigate the forming process of national consciousness in "Macedonia". It seems reasonable to consider it through three aspects of the forming process: (1) Personal Identity, (2) "Nation-State" building in the Balkans, and (3) International relations affecting to the-whole region. This subject should be considered with long-term historical research, but here I limit the discussion to the period from the immediately after the First World War until 1924 when one of the leader in the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization(IMR0), Todor Aleksandrov, was murdered..The following results were obtained:1. As U.S. President Woodrow Wilson said in his famous Fourteen Points speech, the "people" are entitled to exercise the right to self-determination. According the Wilsonian conception of the "people", the identity of the "people" defined where the boundaries should be drawn. The Macedonian Question was not high on the agenda of the Paris Peace Confer … More ence, for the Wilsonian principles did not govern although they might have affected the present or the future. Without the insertion of special clauses in the peace treaties, there were serious limitations on what could be done for the Macedonian People. Under these conditions, a number of variations over principles and activities within the Macedonian movements emerged immediately after the First World War.2. As one of the main actors in the Macedonian movements, the IMRO headed by Todor Aleksandrov enjoyed behind-the -scenes roles in the Bulgarian political circles especially after the coup d'etat of 1923. The other stream of the Macedonian movements, however, were in favor of a federal solution of the Macedonian Question, envisaging an autonomous Macedonia (containing Bulgarian, Greek, and Yugoslav Macedonia) within a Balkan federation. This idea was supported by Slav Macedonians in Greece and Serbia and by members who insisted on cooperation with the Macedonian Federalist Organization as well, in which the Balkan Communist Federation was quite influential.3. The point to observe on contact process between Macedonian movements and the Comintern is that the above-mentioned two perspectives of future Macedonia were united in 1924, and short-lived agreement was laid down in the "May Manifest" in 1924. This research reveals some facts such as when and how the term "nation" was used in place of "people" in the related documents. Less