A Conflict between the Tsarist regime and nation-building in the First Russian Revolution

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The author studied the first revolution from the view point of the Russian society's aim of nation-building from below, which conflicted with the autocratic government's adherence to the imperial polity. Nation-building was a dynamic trend of the epoch of "the long nineteenth century". It was found that first, in the unsuccessful Russo-Japanese war, Japan after the Meiji restoration was made a model as a nation-state by Russian left liberals, and second, their framework of nation-building was "civic" and based on constitutional government constructed by the "four tails", i. e. universal, secret, direct and equal, suffrage without sex and ethnicity.