New common ground between quantum transport phenomena and relativistic field theory brought by graphene

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Graphene attracts great attention as a condensed-matter system that supports Dirac fermions as charge carriers. We explored some characteristic properties of graphene that reflect its"relativistic"vacuum structure and gauge anomalies, and reached the following observations : In a magnetic field bilayer graphene supports a number of pseudo-zero-mode Landau levels with orbital degeneracy.(1) They, under electron-electron interactions, get mixed and give rise to a new kind of collective excitations with nonzero electric moment.(2) Their orbital degeneracy is lifted by quantum fluctuations, leading to the"Lamb shift", as in the hydrogen atom.(3) Also, quantum fluctuations are responsible for many-body corrections to cyclotron resonance in graphene.