Study on effects of surface roughness on the boundary-layer instability for accurate transition prediction

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Effects of 2D and 3D surface corrugation with roughness Reynolds numbers less than 5 on the growth of T-S waves were examined experimentally in a zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer. A distinct difference was found in the destabilizing effect between 2D and 3D corrugations. 2D surface corrugation promotes the growth of T-S waves significantly, while the destabilizing effect of 3D corrugation is much weaker than that of 2D corrugation. Destabilizing effects of surface corrugation were also examined both experimentally and numerically in plane Poiseuille flow.