Diurnal rhythm of the ridge formation in regenerating scale and its regulation by clock genes and melatonin

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In the hard tissue the presence of the incremental line formed as a unit about a day has been known than before. The formation mechanism of the diurnal incremental line has not been clarified, then, in this study, the experiment was conducted to clarify the mechanism using a regenerating scale of the goldfish. In the expression of osteoblast-specific genes during spontaneous scale regeneration, it shared similarities in gene expression with mammalian intramembranous bone regeneration. The regenerating scales showed that the ridges(incremental lines) are formed in the outer one on each day. In the expression of clock genes in regenerating scale, a clear circadian rhythm was observed in the expression of per-3 gene. Improved understanding of the ridge formation in regenerating scale will help elucidate the mechanism of formation of the diurnal incremental line in the hard tissue.