Phylogenetic study of safflower and its genetics and breeding as local tourist attraction

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Phylogenetic analysis and genetic charactrization of safflower, that is the prefectural flower of Yamagata Prefecture, were carried out. Three main results were obtained as follows.(1) Genus Carthamus were divided into two major groups. One is that including cultivated safflower, and the other is that formed by only wild species including polyploidy species. The genetic distance between the two groups was further than previously expected.(2) "Mogamibenibana", a local safflower variety grown in Yamagata, contains genetic variation within a variety, which has been maintained by self seeds gathering by farmers.(3) Asian cultivated safflowers were diverged geographically, mainly into western and eastern groups. Mogamibenibana was genetically similar to Korean accessions.