Identification of gene signatures associated with renal tumor characteristics and its clinical applications

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Renal cell carcinomas(RCCs) are morphologically and genetically heterogeneous tumors and present diverse clinical courses. We selected differentially expressed gene-set between metastasis-positive and-negative phenotype from the DNA microarray data. We then focus on the three genes(AQP1, PLTP, and PTHLH) and confirmed their expression levels using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR in more than 500 renal tumors. Each of the three genes presented unique expression patterns according to the renal tumor histology. We also demonstrated that each gene is tightly associated with clear cell RCC patient survivals. These data suggested that the three genes provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information for patients with RCC.