Analysis of miRNA expression profiles and mechanism of epigenetics in rat tongue carcinogenesis

口腔癌是全世界最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。其令人沮丧的五年存活率。50%的比例几十年来几乎没有变化。需要更好地了解肿瘤发生的分子基础--特别是疾病的发生和发展--以改善临床结果，因为这将促进基于支撑疾病行为的特定基因变化的药物和管理策略的开发。MicroRNAs(MiRNAs)是一类下调基因表达的短非编码RNA，已被证明在人类癌症中发挥重要作用。MiRNA去调控在许多肿瘤类型中被观察到，并且与肿瘤细胞过程有关，包括增殖、存活、凋亡、转移和化疗耐药。此外，miRNA的改变与特定的临床表型有关，如疾病的进展或复发、转移的发展和手术后的生存。最近的研究探索了miRNAs作为诊断和预后工具以及作为潜在的治疗靶点的用途。在这里，我们讨论miRNA生物学，并提供关于miRNAs在大鼠舌癌发生中作用的关键发现的总结。

Oral cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. Its dismal five-year survival rate of. 50% has barely changed for decades. A better understanding of the molecular basis of tumorigenesis-with particular emphasis on disease initiation and progression-is needed to improve clinical outcomes, since this will facilitate the development of drugs and management strategies based on the specific genetic changes underpinning disease behaviors. MicroRNAs(miRNAs), a class of short non-coding RNAs that down-regulate gene expression, have been demonstrated to play essential roles in human cancers. miRNA deregulation has been observed in many tumor types and is implicated in oncogenic cell processes, including proliferation, survival, apoptosis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. In addition, miRNA alterations have been associated with specific clinical phenotypes such as disease progression or recurrence, development of metastases, and post-operative survival. Recent studies have explored the utility of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic tools and as potential therapeutic targets. Herein, we discuss miRNA biology and provide a summary of the key findings on the role of miRNAs in rat tongue carcinogenesis.