The education program of improving Basic Life Support(BLS) ability for upper grades elementary school students

儿童死亡的最主要原因是意外死亡。超过一半的意外发生在没有成年人的情况下。如果孩子们能为受伤的朋友做BLS，并能活到救援到来，孩子们的生命就能得到帮助。根据这一愿望，我们尝试制定小学生BLS教育计划。国小学童可透过设计教学方法，增进基本生命支持能力。所有过程都必须划分为小单元。教师一个一个地指导，学生一步一步地自己做，重复练习的训练被认为是有效的。另外，我们知道小组学习，与朋友合作，互相帮助和确认，可以提高他们的实践技能和可靠性。至于按压病人的乳房（心脏按摩），即使是没有力量的孩子也可以通过体重有效地按压。相反，人工呼吸（口对口）对于肺活量和手小的儿童来说非常困难。我们的结论是，如果儿童不能有效地进行人工呼吸，他们不应该坚持继续无效的人工呼吸，但他们应该做按压病人的乳房，他们当然可以做等待救护车和/或救援专家。在使用工具时，儿童的优势手、位置和方向以及注视对儿童的BLS成绩有显著影响。从这些观察中，我们知道教师应该教孩子们在哪里他们应该看到和工具的良好位置。在此基础上，我们制定了小学生英语学习策略教育方案。我们已将其编译成电子文件，并收录在光盘中，供小学教师在课堂上使用。

The most major reason of children's death is accidental means. More than half of accidental means happened in no adult situation. If children can do BLS for an injured friend and survive till the rescue coming, children's life can be helped. According to that desire, we tried to make educational program of BLS for elementary school students. By contriving teaching methods, elementary school students could improve their basic life support ability. All processes must be divided into small units. The drill training ; teachers instructed one by one and students did it by themselves step by step and repeat, was found to be effective. Adding that, we knew that the group study ; collaborating with friends, helping and confirming each other, can improve their practical skill and reliability. As for pressing the patient's breast(heart massage), even powerless children could press effectively by using their body weight. Contrary, artificial respiration(mouth to mouth) was very difficult for children with small lung capacity and hands. We concluded that if children could not do artificial respiration effectively, they should not persist on continuing ineffective artificial respiration but they should do pressing patient's breast which they can do certainly during waiting an ambulance and/or rescue specialists. When using tools, their dominant hand, the location and orientation and gaze affect children's performance of BLS strongly. From those observations, we knew that teachers should teach children where they should see and good position of tools. Based on those results and knowledge, we made education program of BLS for elementary school students. We have compiled it into electric files and contained in CD for elementary school teachers for using in their classroom.