Mechanisms and physiological roles of electro-chemical Coupling mediated by voltage-sensor domain proteins

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Molecular mechanisms of voltage sensor domain proteins, including voltage-sensing phosphatase and voltage-gated proton channels, were studied by X-ray crystallography, electrophysiology, fluorescence imaging or fluorometry. We also exploited advantages of molecular mechanisms to develop efficient voltage-reporter protein and applied them in zebrafish heart and mouse auditory cortex and were convinced that these probes serve as efficient reporter. Knock out mice were establsihed for VSP, VSOP/Hv1 and VSOP2 and physiological functions of these voltage-signaling molecules have been revealed.