Systemic factors responsible for cross-transfer effect of muscle hypertrophy after resistance exercise training

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A low-intensity resistance training for upper arm muscles, if ineffective for muscle hypertrophy, can cause muscle hypertrophy when combined with a resistance training with vascular occlusion for thigh muscles("cross-transfer" of muscle hypertrophy ; Madarame et al., 2008). The present study investigated the role played by systemic factors in this cross-transfer effect. Training experiments with humans showed that conventional, high-intensity resistance training can also cause the similar cross-transfer effect. In addition, proteomic analysis of serum samples taken before and after the training with vascular occlusion showed significant changes in the concentration of several growth factors. When serum was taken from rats subjected to high-intensity resistance training and then added to cultured myoblasts, it caused significant changes in signal transduction substrates related to protein synthesis. These results suggest that some growth factors within serum play important parts in the cross-transfer effect of muscle hypertrophy.