Mechanisms of increase in exercise induced energy expenditure

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Trained subjects have a high VO2max due to a high cardiac output and high metabolic capacity of skeletal muscles. Because exercise training increases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator 1α(PGC-1α) in skeletal muscle, PGC-1α-mediated changes may contribute to the improvement of exercise capacity and VO2max. There are three isoforms of PGC-1αmRNA. PGC-1α-b protein is a predominant PGC-1αisoform in response to exercise. In this study, we showed that PGC-1α-b induced increased mitochondrial biogenesis, capillaries, and fatty acid transporters in skeletal muscles may contribute to improved exercise capacity via an increase in fatty acid utilization.