Investigations of transient quantum transport phenomena with an optical gate method

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We have succeededin operating a near-field scanning optical microscope in a dilution refrigerator in high magnetic field. This enables us to investigate quantum transport phenomena by applying the methods developed for studies of optical properties. We have performed real-space mapping of quantum Hall edge states, and have succeeded in observing strips due to compressible and incompressible quantum liquids. Moreover, we have paved a way to investigate transient quantum transport phenomena by applying an optical pump-probe method to optical gates.