Development of 10% efficient organic solar cells by eleven-nines high purification of organic semiconductors

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pn-control techniques by impurity doping both for single and co-deposited films consisting of two kinds of organic semiconductors were established. A series of fundamental junctions such as Schottky junctions, pn-homojunctions, p^+, n^+/metal ohmic junctions, n^+p^+-ohmic homojunctions, and tandem cells were successfully fabricated in the co-deposited organic semiconductor films by impurity doping only. The present technique would offer the way for the fundamental improvement of efficiency of organic solar cells.